ZAKAT

Zakat is cleaning our wealth, our treasure because the charity will be cleared from the rights of others who should own property, the charity lightening our soul, with charity piety horizontal social nature of individuals who will shine, with zakat true happiness will we get let us love charity , due to the natural charm radiated charity, with a lack of charity they would smile, with the Islamic Zakat will be strong

let us love charity

Yes happy with charity

INTRODUCTION ZAKAT

Bismillahirahmanirrahim

Surat At-Tawbah: 103
"Take alms from their wealth, with the charity you cleanse and purify them. Indeed prayer you become the peace of their souls. And Allah is Hearing, Knowing. "Jumhur scholars said that the right to make decision as the word" Take "listed in that paragraph is the government. "From Ibn 'Umar, may Allah meridlai both. He said: Give ye alms to the people who serve God as ruler of the matter with you all ... ... ... ... .. (Bayhaqi).

INTRODUCTION

Ummah is a noble ummah, the ummah is chosen by God to carry the message, so that they become witnesses of all nations. Duties of Muslims living adlah realize a just, prosperous, peaceful and prosperous wherever they are. Therefore Muslims should be a blessing for all the worlds.

The fact that Muslims are now far from ideal conditions, the result has not been able to change what is in their own (Surat ar-Ra'du: 11). Potential basis granted by Allah to the Islamic Ummah has not been optimally developed. Though Muslims have a lot of intellectuals and scholars, in addition to the potential human and economic resources are abundant. If the potential is carefully developed, coupled with the potential aqeedah Islamiyah (tawhid), would have obtained optimal results. At the same time, if self-reliance, awareness of religion and the Muslims ukhuwah Islamiyah also increasing the munkar doors due to economic difficulties will be more able to be narrowed.

One side of the teachings of Islam that has not been taken seriously is penanggulanagn poverty by optimizing the collection and utilization of Zakat, Sadaqah infaq and in the broadest sense. As has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad and his successors in the golden age of Islam. Though Muslims (Indonesia) actually has a very large potential funds.

Encouraged from this idea, we tried to write a concise treatise and practical charity that can be easily understood by readers. Although we are aware that rislah is still far from perfect. Nevertheless we hope that this monograph can be useful. Corrections, criticisms and suggestions are our hope for the perfection of charity this treatise.

May Allah forgive the flaws and errors that exist in this treatise, and recorded it as a pious charity. Amen

DEFINITIONS ZAKAT

1. Meaning of Zakat

According Language (lughat), zakat means growth; develop; fertility or increased (Narrated by At-Tirmidhi) or can also mean clean or purify (Surat At-Tawbah: 10)

According to Islamic law (the term Personality '), zakat is the name for a particular decision of a particular property, according to certain properties and to be given to certain groups (Al-Mawardi in the book Al Hawiy)

In addition, there is sadaqah and infaq terms, some scholars of fiqh, says that the so-called sadaqah obligatory zakat, sadaqah is called infaq Sunnah. Some others say infaq called zakat obligatory, whereas the Sunnah infaq called Sadaqah.

2. Mention of Zakat and Infaq in Al Qur'an and As Sunnah

a. Zakat (Surat al-Baqara: 43)

b. Sadaqah (Surah At-Tawbah: 104)

c. Haq (Surat al-An `am: 141)

d. Nafaqah (Surah At-Tawbah: 35)

e. Al 'Afuw (Surat al-A'raf: 199)

3. Zakat Law

Zakat is one of the pillars of Islam, and became one of the elements essential for the establishment of Islamic law. Therefore the law of zakat is compulsory (fard) upon every Muslim who has met certain conditions. Zakat is included in the category of worship (such as prayer, pilgrimage, and fasting) that have been regulated in detail and patent based on the Al-Quran and As Sunnah, as well as a social charity and humanity that can develop in accordance with the development of mankind.

4. Types of Zakat

a. Zakat nafs (soul), also called zakat fitrah.

b. Zakat Maal (asset).

5. Terms of Zakat payer

a. Muslim

b. Aqil

c. Baligh

d. Has the property that reaches nishab

ZAKAT Maal

1. Understanding Maal (asset)

1.1.Menurut language (lughat), property is anything that was once desired by humans to possess, use and store

1.2.Menurut syar'a, property is anything that can be owned (controlled) and can be used (exploited) by ghalibnya (prevalent).

Something can be called with the maal (wealth) if they meet the 2 (two) terms, namely:

a. Can be owned, stored, collected, controlled

b. Benefits can be taken in accordance with ghalibnya. Such as houses, cars, livestock, agricultural produce, money, gold, silver, etc..

2. Terms of the Mandatory Property in Zakati

2.1. Fully Owned (Almilkuttam)

That is: the property is in full control and his power, and can be taken advantage fully. Property was obtained through a process of ownership is justified according to Islamic Shari'a, such as: business, inheritance, gift or other countries and legitimate ways. Meanwhile, if the property obtained by unlawful means, then the zakat on property is not mandatory, because the property shall be exempt from duty in a way returned to the right or their heirs.

2.2. Evolve

That is: the property can increase or grow if cultivated or have the potential to develop.

2.3. Simply nishab

This means that the property has reached a certain amount in accordance with the provisions of Personality '. while the property is not until nishabnya free of Zakat

2.4. More From Necessity (Alhajatul Ashliyah)

Basic needs are the minimum requirements needed someone and family dependents, for survival. This means that if the requirement is not met in question can not be worth living. Needs such as primary needs or life needs minimum (MIC), for example, daily shopping, clothes, home, health, education, etc..

2.5. Freedom from debt

People who have debts of or reduce senishab to be paid at the same time (the time of issuing charity), then the property is free from zakat.

2.6. Elapsed One Year (Al-Haul)

The point is that the ownership of such property has been belalu one year. This requirement applies only to livestock, property and commercial deposits. Moderate crops, fruits and rikaz (finding stuff) there is no requirement haul.

3. Property (maal) is compulsory in Zakati

3.1. Animal Husbandry

Farm animals include large animals (camels, cattle, buffalo), small animals (goats, sheep) and poultry (chickens, ducks, birds).

3.2. Gold And Silver

Gold and silver are precious metals mines in addition to an elegant, also often used as jewelry. Gold and silver are also used as currency in force from time to time. Islam regards as a treasure of gold and silver which (potential) develops. Therefore Personality 'oblige zakah on them, whether it be money, molten metal, vessel, souvenirs, carvings or the other.

Included in the category of gold and silver, is the currency in effect at that time in each country. Therefore any form of deposit such as savings, deposits, checks, stocks or other securities, including the categories of gold and silver. thus determining the amount of zakat nishab and synchronized with the gold and silver.

Similarly in other assets, such as houses, villas, cars, land, etc.. That exceed the purposes according to Personality ', or purchased / constructed with the goal of saving money and at times can be redeemable. In gold and silver or any other form of jewelry, if not excessive, then zakah is not required for these items.

3.3. Property Commerce

Commercial property is all that is destined to be traded in a range of species, both in the form of goods such as tools, clothing, food, jewelry, etc.. Commerce is in the try as individuals or associations such as CV, PT, cooperatives, etc..

3.4. Agricultural Products

Agricultural output is the result of plants or plant economically valuable as seeds, tubers, vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants, grasses, leaves, etc..

3.5. Ma-din and Marine Wealth

Ma'din (mining) are the objects contained in the bowels of the earth and has an economic value such as gold, silver, tin, copper, marble, jade, petroleum, coal, etc.. Marine resources are exploited everything from the sea such as pearls, amber, Marjan, etc..

3.6. Rikaz

Rikaz is a treasure trove of ancient or commonly referred to as a treasure trove. This includes property that was found and no one claiming to be owners.

Nishab AND CONTENT ZAKAT

1. FARM PROPERTY

a. Cow, Buffalo and the Horse

Nishab buffalo and cow horse nishab synchronized with the 30 tails. This means that if someone already has a cow (buffalo / horse), then he has been exposed to compulsory Zakat.

Based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad narrated by Abu Dawud and At-Tarmidzi of Muadh bin Jabbal RA, then the table can be made as follows:

Number of Livestock (tail)

Alms

30-39 a male cow / female tabi '(a)

40-59 1 female cows musinnah (b)

60-69 2 cows tabi '

70-79 a head of cattle and a tail musinnah tabi '

80-89 2 cows musinnah

Description:

a. Cows aged 1 year, enter year 2

b. Cow 2 years old, entered the 3rd year

Furthermore, each number was increased 30 tail, grow a tail tabi zakat '. And if any amount was increased 40 tail, grow a tail musinnah zakat.

b. Goat / sheep

Nishab goat / sheep is 40 tail, does it mean when someone already has 40 goats / sheep then he has been exposed to compulsory Zakat.

Based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad, that was narrated by Imam Bukhari from Anas ibn Malik, the table can be made as follows:

Number of Livestock (tail)

Alms

40-120 1 goats (2th) or sheep (1th)

121-200 2 goats / sheep

201-300 3 goats / sheep

Furthermore, any number grew 100 individuals then zakat grow a tail.

c. Livestock Poultry (chickens, ducks, birds, etc.) and the Fisheries

Nishab in poultry and fisheries are not applied based on the number (tail), as well as cows, and goats. But it is calculated based on the scale of business.

Nishab poultry and fisheries are the equivalent of 20 dinars (1 dinar = 4.25 grams of pure gold) or equal to 85 grams of gold. This means that if a breeding poultry or fish, and at the end of the year (closed book) he has a wealth of working capital and profits greater than or equal to 85 grams of pure gold, then he is exposed to the obligation of zakat at 2.5%

Example:

A broiler breeder hens to maintain 1000 per week, at the end of the year (closed book) there are the financial statements as follows:

Large Zakat = 2.5% x Rp.26.000.000, - = Rp 650.000

Note:

Stables and farm tools are not counted as assets that must dizakati.

Nishab amount of 85 grams of pure gold, if @ USD 25,000.00 USD 25,000.00 then 85 x = Rp 2,125,000.00

d. Camel

Nishab camel is 5 tail, does it mean when someone already has five camels he is exposed to the obligation of zakat. Selanjtnya zakat is increased, if the number of camels that had also increased

Based on the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad narrated by Imam Bukhari from Anas ibn Malik, the table can be made as follows:

Description:

(A) Goat 2 years old or more, or sheep aged one year or more.

(B) the camel of the age of 1 year, enter year 2

(C) camel of 2 years, entered the 3rd year

(D) camel of 3 years, entered the 4th year

(E) camel of 4 years, entering the 5th year

Furthermore, if any amount was increased 40 tail then zakat bintu Labun grow a tail, and that number increases every 50 tail, grow a tail Hiqah zakat.

2. GOLD AND SILVER

Nishab gold is 20 dinars (85 grams of pure gold) and silver is 200 dirhams (equivalent to 672 grams of silver). This means that if someone already has gold of 20 200 dinars or silver dirhams and has been a year, then he has been exposed to compulsory zakat, ie by 2.5%.

Similarly, any kind of property which is a savings and assets can be categorized in "gold and silver", such as cash, savings, checks, stocks, securities or other. So nishab and zakat together with the provisions of the gold and silver, which means that if someone has a variety of forms of property and the amount of accumulation is greater than or equal to nishab (85 grams of gold) then he has been exposed to compulsory zakat (2.5%).

Example:

Someone have a reserve asset as follows: Savings

Gold or other jewelry that is not mandatory unless dizakati remainder of the maximum amount of jewelry is appropriate. If you like someone wearing jewelry then a maximum of 60 grams that must dizakati the rest of the jewelry is just 60 grams.

Thus the number of the person's property, as follows:

Large charity = 2.5% x Rp 6.500.000 = Rp 163,500, - \

Note:

Calculation dizakati treasure that must be done every year in the same month.

3. Commerce

Commercial property, whether engaged in trade, industry, agro-industry, or services, are managed individually and corporately (such as PT, CV, Foundation, Cooperatives, etc.) nishabnya is 20 dinars (equivalent to 85gram pure gold). This means that if an entity at the end of the year (closed book) has the property (danuntung working capital) is greater than or equal to 85 grams of gold (if pergram Rp 25.000, - = Rp 2,125,000, -), it shall issue a Zakat of 2 , 5%

In the form of business entity shirkah (cooperation), then if all the members shirkah religion of Islam, zakat first issued before distributed to the parties bersyirkah. But if there are people who shirkah member non-Muslims, then zakat is only removed from the members of the Muslim shirkah only (if more than nishab julahnya)

How to calculate zakat:

Property owned enterprises will not be separated from one or more of three forms below:

1. Wealth in the form of goods

2. Cash

3. Claim

So is the commercial property that must dizakati is payable (maturity) and taxes.

Example:

A furniture company in closing the books as of January 1995 with the following conditions:

Large charity = 2.5% x Rp 20.000.000, - = Rp 500.000, -

On commercial property, investment capital in the form of land and buildings or cabinets, windows in shops, etc., not including property that must dizakati included into the category of goods for a fixed (not growing)

Businesses engaged in services, such as hospitality, apartment rentals, taxis, renal cars, buses / trucks, ships, aircraft, etc., then removed their zakat can be selected between 2 (two) ways:

1. At the end of the calculation (closed book), all computed property companies, including goods (property)-producing services, such as hotels, taxis, boats, etc., and remove the zakat of 2.5%.

2. At year-end calculation (closed book), simply calculated from the net proceeds obtained by the business for one year, then spent 10% of their zakat. This calculation of Zakat diqiyaskan with agricultural products, which zakat calculation based only on the farm, land prices are not counted.

4. AGRICULTURAL

Nishab agricultural output is 5 wasq or equal to 750 kg. If the result of agriculture, including staple foods, such as rice, corn, wheat, dates, etc., then nishabnya is 750 kg of agricultural products is.

But if it is other than agricultural produce staple foods such as fruits, vegetables, leaves, flowers, etc., then nishabnya nishab equated with the price of staple foods are most common in the region (country) is (in our country = rice).

Levels of zakat for crops, if irrigated with rain water, or river / eye / water, then 10%, when watered by watering / irrigation (no extra cost) then the zakat 5%.

From this provision it is understood that the plants are watered zakat 5%. This means that the other 5% is distributed to the cost of irrigation. Imam Az Zarqoni argued that if the processing of agricultural land diairidengan rain water (river) and watered (irrigated) with a ratio of 50, 50, the levels of zakat 7.5% (3 / 4 of 1 / 10).

In the current agricultural system, the cost is not just water, but there are other costs such as fertilizers, insecticides, etc.. So to simplify the calculation of zakat, the cost of fertilizer, etc. intektisida taken from the crop, then the rest (if more than nishab) issued zakat of 10% or 5% (depending on the irrigation system).

ZAKAT PROFESSION

Legal Basis

Allah SWT says:

and the treasures they have the right to ask poor people and poor people that can not be part of (Surah Adh Dzariyat: 19)

Allah SWT says:

O ye who believe! Infaqkanlah (zakat) portion of the proceeds of the good efforts.

(Surat al-Baqara 267)

Hadiths of the Prophet SAW:

If the charity mingled with other assets it will damage the property that (Narrated by Al-Bazar and Baehaqi)

Professional Results

Results profession (civil servants / private sector, consultants, doctors, notaries, etc.) is a source of income (Kasab) is not widely known at the time of the Salaf (early generations), therefore the form of Kasab is not widely discussed, especially relating to "zakat" . Another case with a more popular form of Kasab at the time, such as agriculture, animal husbandry and commerce, receiving a share of the discussion is very adequate and detail. Nevertheless it does not mean property which is obtained from the free profession of charity, because charity is essentially charges the treasure taken from the rich to distribute to poor people diantra them (in accordance with the provisions of Personality ').

Thus if someone with the results of his profession he became rich, then Zakat is obligatory upon his wealth, but if the results are not sufficient to support life (and family), then it becomes mustahiq (zakat recipients). Being if the results are simply to cover the necessities of life, or less then for him not mandatory zakat. Necessities of life in question is a basic requirement, namely, board, clothing, food and cost required to run the profession.

Zakat profession is not recognized in the scientific realm of Islam, while the profession in the form of property can be categorized into the Zakat wealth (savings / wealth). Thus the results of one's profession if it has complied with the compulsory Zakat obligatory upon him to give charity.

Example:

In this respect Zakah is payable monthly at 2.5% of the monthly balance, or 2.5% of the annual balance.

Other treasures

1. Stocks and Bonds

In essence, both stocks and bonds (as well as certificates of Bank) is a form of wealth storage potential to grow. By karenannya into the category of property that must dizakati, when it has reached nishabnya. Zakat at 2.5% of the cumulative value of the real rather than nominal value written on stocks or bonds, and zakat is paid every year.

Example:

2. Sweepstakes and prize quiz

Property obtained from the lottery or prize quiz is one of the causes of property ownership is identified by finding treasure (rikaz). Therefore, if the results meet the criteria of zakat, obligatory maa dizakati sebasar 20% (1 / 5)

Example:

Proceeds from sale of home (property) or eviction

Property obtained from the sale of the house (property) or eviction, can be categorized into two kinds:

1. Home sales caused by the need, including forced evictions, the proceeds (eviction) first used to satisfy what they need. If the result of the sale (eviction) minus assets still exceeds the required amount nishab then he is obliged Zakat at 2.5% of the excess of the asset.

Example:

2. Home sales (properties) that are not based on the needs he must pay Zakat at 2.5% of the sale.

HIKMAH ZAKAT

Zakah is worship that has multiple dimensions, trasendental and horizontally. Therefore charity has many meanings in the life of mankind, especially Muslims. Zakat has many lessons, both yng related to the Creator and social relationships among people, among others:

1) Help, help, nurture and build up the weak destitute orphans with the material used to meet basic needs hidupnya.Dengan these conditions they will be able to carry out its obligations towards Allah SWT

2) Combating disease envy, hatred and envy from themselves the people around him berkehidupan enough, let alone luxury. He himself did not have nothing and no helping hand from their (the rich) to him.

3) It can purify themselves (personally) from the soil of sin, the soul emurnikan (cultivate noble morality of being generous, sensitive to the sense of humanity) and the eroding nature of hunks (stingy) and greedy. With so finally calm atmosphere free from the heart because Allah demands and obligations of society, will always surround the heart.

4) To support the establishment of the Islamic social system that stands on principles: Ummatn Wahidan (race one), Musawah (equality and and liabilities), Muslim brotherhood (brotherhood of Islam) and Takaful Ijti'ma (shared responsibility)

5) Being an important element in mewujudakan keseimbanagn in the distribution of wealth (social distribution), and the balance of individual responsibility in society

6) Zakah is worship maaliyah which has dimensions of economic and social functions or equity bounty of Allah and also a manifestation of social solidarity, a sense of humanity and justice statement, proof of Islamic brotherhood, the unity of the ummah and the binder, the binder of heart among the rich and poor and as a hoarder who became the dividing gap between powerful groups with a weak

7) Creating a prosperous society where one's relationship with the others into harmony, peace and harmony which can ultimately create a peaceful situation, emotional and physical safety. In such a society there would be no more fears of a revival of the dangers of communism 9atheis) and the ideology or doctrine is misguided and misleading. Because the dimensions and the dual function of zakat, the problems faced capitalism and socialism by itself has been answered. Finally, according to the promise of Allah, will be created a society that baldatun thoyibun wa Rabbun Ghafur.

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The vision and mission of this foundation is to educate orphans orphan orphaned orphaned empowers the faithful and devoted personal form of academic-minded orphan orphan who has the appropriate skills to become successful fatherless orphans useful

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